The Fatter You Are... - by Jerry Brainum

GameDayDog · 09-11-2005, 04:06 PM

I'll be fyrst to admit that I read a lot... just magazines tho..

.. I'm allergic to books... I'll also be fyrst to admit that Nutrition & Fat Loss is not my strongsuit... But I'm reading up on it and it's slowly starting to make sense...

I'll usually share articles with you guys so you can discuss & debate the thyngs mentioned... but usually, it's because I made a reference to an article I read and felt I should share the article...

******
The Fatter You Are, The Slower It Burns

By Jerry Branium

IronMan Magazine, Jan. 2005, pg 42

The fatter you are, the harder it is to tap into bodyfat stores during exercise. That was confirmed in a study that measured the fat use of five lean, five o erweight & five obese men during exercise. (ref. #1) All the subjects exercised for 90 minutes on a stationary cycle. Tracer infusions showing precisely where and how fat is oxidized, or burned, measured their fat use.

The total increase in fatty acid uptake during exercise was 50 percent lower in obese subjects and 35 percent lower in overweight men than in the lean subjects. Normally, moderate intensity exercise leads to a twofold to threefold increase in the burning of stored fat. Exercise also promotes greater use of fat stored in muscle, known as intramuscular fat. That's due to increased secretion of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, from the adrenal glands during exercise.

With increased bodyfat levels the body secretes lower levels of catecholamines during exercise, blunting release of fatty acids from fat cells into the blood. On the other hand the study also showed that higher bodyfat levels also led to increased use of intramuscular fat, so the level of fat oxidation is similar. Still, fatter men release less of the type of fat that most people focus on - fat stored systemically in fat cells.

Decreased use of systemic fat by the obese involves not only decreased catecholamine release during exercise but also a heightened stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Unlike beta-adrenergic cell receptors, which favor the use of fat, alpha-andrenergic fat cell receptors inhibit fat use. A preponderance of alpha-andrenergic receptors in women's lower bodies explains why it's so difficult for most women to lose fat in that area. Interestingly, obese men burn fat much as women do in their lower bodies - with great difficulty.

Obese men also usually have higher resting insulin levels. That's caused by insulin resistance resulting from larger fat cell volume. Insulin blocks the release of fat during exercise, an effect usually opposed by increased catecholamine secretion. Catecholamine secretion is blunted in the obese, however, leading to a vicious metabolic cycle.

The question is how those with higher bodyfat levels can overcome their considerable fat oxidation problems. Ephedrine and mahuang supplements simulate the effects of catecholamines in the body including their effects on bodyfat release. Sadly, it appears that such supplements will soon be history, due to inaccurate reports about their so called health dangers. Caffeine may also help release catecholamines to a limited degree, but the effect is usually transient.

As for the problem of alpha-adrenergic receptors, a supplement based on yohimbe may block the effects of those fat blunting receptors. But yohimbe must be taken on an empty stomach at a dose of about 0.2 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight. Food obliterates yohimbe's fat oxidation properties.

The easiest way to overcome the metabolic fat oxidation deficit, though, is simply to have patience and lose the excess fat. When that happens, the obese are likely to burn fat as easily as their leaner peers.

Reference #1 - Mittendorfer, B., et al. 2004. Excess bodyfat in men decreases plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation during endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 286:E354-62

**********

Peace..~G

**skelooth** · 09-11-2005, 04:11 PM

all common sense, imo. It should be obvious that lean people are better at oxidizing fat... that's WHY they are lean

But the whole study is bunk. Obese people carry a LOT of intramuscular fat (My arms were over 19" when I was 280+lbs...) and intramuscular fat is the FIRST to be burned off. Had the obese guys in the study been lifting weights for a few months I'm almost positive their results would have been very similar to the lean and overweight men.

If you feel the muscles of someone who does not lift/exercise... they are mushy to the touch. It takes a good 5 months to make them solid via lifting.

DJohnson · 09-13-2005, 02:31 AM

I wouldn't call the study bunk. It makes good sense. Very interesting.

Phosphate bond · 09-13-2005, 06:29 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by GameDayDog

I'll be fyrst to admit that I read a lot... just magazines tho..

.. I'm allergic to books... I'll also be fyrst to admit that Nutrition & Fat Loss is not my strongsuit... But I'm reading up on it and it's slowly starting to make sense...

I'll usually share articles with you guys so you can discuss & debate the thyngs mentioned... but usually, it's because I made a reference to an article I read and felt I should share the article...

******
The Fatter You Are, The Slower It Burns

By Jerry Branium

IronMan Magazine, Jan. 2005, pg 42

The fatter you are, the harder it is to tap into bodyfat stores during exercise. That was confirmed in a study that measured the fat use of five lean, five o erweight & five obese men during exercise. (ref. #1) All the subjects exercised for 90 minutes on a stationary cycle. Tracer infusions showing precisely where and how fat is oxidized, or burned, measured their fat use.

The total increase in fatty acid uptake during exercise was 50 percent lower in obese subjects and 35 percent lower in overweight men than in the lean subjects. Normally, moderate intensity exercise leads to a twofold to threefold increase in the burning of stored fat. Exercise also promotes greater use of fat stored in muscle, known as intramuscular fat. That's due to increased secretion of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, from the adrenal glands during exercise.

With increased bodyfat levels the body secretes lower levels of catecholamines during exercise, blunting release of fatty acids from fat cells into the blood. On the other hand the study also showed that higher bodyfat levels also led to increased use of intramuscular fat, so the level of fat oxidation is similar. Still, fatter men release less of the type of fat that most people focus on - fat stored systemically in fat cells.

Decreased use of systemic fat by the obese involves not only decreased catecholamine release during exercise but also a heightened stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Unlike beta-adrenergic cell receptors, which favor the use of fat, alpha-andrenergic fat cell receptors inhibit fat use. A preponderance of alpha-andrenergic receptors in women's lower bodies explains why it's so difficult for most women to lose fat in that area. Interestingly, obese men burn fat much as women do in their lower bodies - with great difficulty.

Obese men also usually have higher resting insulin levels. That's caused by insulin resistance resulting from larger fat cell volume. Insulin blocks the release of fat during exercise, an effect usually opposed by increased catecholamine secretion. Catecholamine secretion is blunted in the obese, however, leading to a vicious metabolic cycle.

The question is how those with higher bodyfat levels can overcome their considerable fat oxidation problems. Ephedrine and mahuang supplements simulate the effects of catecholamines in the body including their effects on bodyfat release. Sadly, it appears that such supplements will soon be history, due to inaccurate reports about their so called health dangers. Caffeine may also help release catecholamines to a limited degree, but the effect is usually transient.

As for the problem of alpha-adrenergic receptors, a supplement based on yohimbe may block the effects of those fat blunting receptors. But yohimbe must be taken on an empty stomach at a dose of about 0.2 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight. Food obliterates yohimbe's fat oxidation properties.

The easiest way to overcome the metabolic fat oxidation deficit, though, is simply to have patience and lose the excess fat. When that happens, the obese are likely to burn fat as easily as their leaner peers.

Reference #1 - Mittendorfer, B., et al. 2004. Excess bodyfat in men decreases plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation during endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 286:E354-62

**********

Peace..~G

Lots of what is saying makes sense.

Obese people have insulin resistance due to adipose>>skeletal muscle.

I could see the depletion of catecholamines in this scenario too as obese people typically have more sympathetic tone in general. In addition upregulation of alpha receptors (along with downregulation of beta receptors) could affect neurotransmitter production. The first step in synthesizing a neurotransmitter involves calcium influx (alpha receptors needs to be activated) to activate tyrosine hydroxylase which then leads to CAMP formation.

Training reduces alpha receptors anyway probably due to activation.

They got fat because they were inactive. What else is new? (OK, certain drugs like long term prednisone can make you fat too in all fairness)

Phosphate bond · 09-13-2005, 08:13 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Phosphate bond

I could see the depletion of catecholamines in this scenario too as obese people typically have more sympathetic tone in general. In addition upregulation of alpha receptors (along with downregulation of beta receptors) could affect neurotransmitter production. The first step in synthesizing a neurotransmitter involves calcium influx (alpha receptors needs to be activated) to activate tyrosine hydroxylase which then leads to CAMP formation.

I forget to mention that glycolysis also increases the cytostolic NADH/NAD+ ratio and that reduces tetrahydrobiopterin to the more active form (BH4). BH4 is essential for activating both tryosine hydroxlase (rate limiting for catecholamine sythesis) and also the enzyme for producing Nitric oxide.

Now that I think about no wonder obese people hold on to salt so much (poor NO production). See this is what happens when you sit on your ass and have poor carbohydrate metabolism.

[Interesting side note]Nitric oxide is probably why I always read about epileptics and keto diets on Pubmed. Epilepsy is thought to be a disease of too much NO production in the brain. So the keto diet is done to lower glycolysis and reduce cytosolic NADH levels thereby reducing the activity of enzyme producing nitric oxide and maybe even the enzyme producing neurotransmitters.

Jackadise · 11-04-2005, 06:39 AM

well if intramuscular fat is burned up it has to be replaced by something... maybe subcu fat?

KingOfChaos · 11-04-2005, 02:54 PM

Um..I call bullshit on that article. Fat loss is determined by your genetics and a constant cannot be applied across the entirety of humanity to determine how much weight you lose and how fast you lose it.

09-11-2005, 04:11 PM	#2
skelooth eh heh heh Join Date: Aug 2005 Location: Behind you Posts: 7,205 Recipes: 0 Rep Power: 158	all common sense, imo. It should be obvious that lean people are better at oxidizing fat... that's WHY they are lean But the whole study is bunk. Obese people carry a LOT of intramuscular fat (My arms were over 19" when I was 280+lbs...) and intramuscular fat is the FIRST to be burned off. Had the obese guys in the study been lifting weights for a few months I'm almost positive their results would have been very similar to the lean and overweight men. If you feel the muscles of someone who does not lift/exercise... they are mushy to the touch. It takes a good 5 months to make them solid via lifting. __________________ R I P

09-13-2005, 02:31 AM	#3
DJohnson IMPC Contestant Join Date: Sep 2005 Location: Alberta, Canada Posts: 1,087 Recipes: 0 Rep Power: 50	I wouldn't call the study bunk. It makes good sense. Very interesting. __________________ Age: 21 Height: 5'10.5" Mar, 2001: 135lbs @ ~14% Nov, 2004: 245lbs @ ~40% Feb, 2006: 188lbs @ 20.1% - Hydrostatic Tested Dec, 2006: 168lbs @ 5.5% - 7 Point Caliper Tested BULKING FOR A LONG TIME NOW Long Term Goal: Over 200lbs @ 8%

11-04-2005, 02:54 PM	#7
KingOfChaos Pro Stature Join Date: Sep 2005 Location: Temple, TX Posts: 156 Recipes: 0 Rep Power: 7	Um..I call bullshit on that article. Fat loss is determined by your genetics and a constant cannot be applied across the entirety of humanity to determine how much weight you lose and how fast you lose it. __________________ Shawn Muder Bodybuilding Enthusiast Fire Controlman, United States Navy Starting Weight: 520 lbs. BF - 62% (3/24/04) Current Weight: 315 lbs. BF - 22% (03/09/08) MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/darkspeaker Livejournal: http://www.livejournal.com/~kingoflaw/ Realms of Evil, My D&D website: http://www.realmsofevil.net/

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09-11-2005, 04:06 PM	#1
GameDayDog The Dawg Is Back!! Join Date: May 2005 Location: Doin Compound Movements 4 Scooby Snacks! Posts: 1,914 Recipes: 0 Rep Power: 32	The Fatter You Are... - by Jerry Brainum I'll be fyrst to admit that I read a lot... just magazines tho.. .. I'm allergic to books... I'll also be fyrst to admit that Nutrition & Fat Loss is not my strongsuit... But I'm reading up on it and it's slowly starting to make sense... I'll usually share articles with you guys so you can discuss & debate the thyngs mentioned... but usually, it's because I made a reference to an article I read and felt I should share the article... **** The Fatter You Are, The Slower It Burns By Jerry Branium IronMan Magazine, Jan. 2005, pg 42 The fatter you are, the harder it is to tap into bodyfat stores during exercise. That was confirmed in a study that measured the fat use of five lean, five o erweight & five obese men during exercise. (ref. #1) All the subjects exercised for 90 minutes on a stationary cycle. Tracer infusions showing precisely where and how fat is oxidized, or burned, measured their fat use. The total increase in fatty acid uptake during exercise was 50 percent lower in obese subjects and 35 percent lower in overweight men than in the lean subjects. Normally, moderate intensity exercise leads to a twofold to threefold increase in the burning of stored fat. Exercise also promotes greater use of fat stored in muscle, known as intramuscular fat. That's due to increased secretion of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, from the adrenal glands during exercise. With increased bodyfat levels the body secretes lower levels of catecholamines during exercise, blunting release of fatty acids from fat cells into the blood. On the other hand the study also showed that higher bodyfat levels also led to increased use of intramuscular fat, so the level of fat oxidation is similar. Still, fatter men release less of the type of fat that most people focus on - fat stored systemically in fat cells. Decreased use of systemic fat by the obese involves not only decreased catecholamine release during exercise but also a heightened stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Unlike beta-adrenergic cell receptors, which favor the use of fat, alpha-andrenergic fat cell receptors inhibit fat use. A preponderance of alpha-andrenergic receptors in women's lower bodies explains why it's so difficult for most women to lose fat in that area. Interestingly, obese men burn fat much as women do in their lower bodies - with great difficulty. Obese men also usually have higher resting insulin levels. That's caused by insulin resistance resulting from larger fat cell volume. Insulin blocks the release of fat during exercise, an effect usually opposed by increased catecholamine secretion. Catecholamine secretion is blunted in the obese, however, leading to a vicious metabolic cycle. The question is how those with higher bodyfat levels can overcome their considerable fat oxidation problems. Ephedrine and mahuang supplements simulate the effects of catecholamines in the body including their effects on bodyfat release. Sadly, it appears that such supplements will soon be history, due to inaccurate reports about their so called health dangers. Caffeine may also help release catecholamines to a limited degree, but the effect is usually transient. As for the problem of alpha-adrenergic receptors, a supplement based on yohimbe may block the effects of those fat blunting receptors. But yohimbe must be taken on an empty stomach at a dose of about 0.2 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight. Food obliterates yohimbe's fat oxidation properties. The easiest way to overcome the metabolic fat oxidation deficit, though, is simply to have patience and lose the excess fat. When that happens, the obese are likely to burn fat as easily as their leaner peers. Reference #1 - Mittendorfer, B., et al. 2004. Excess bodyfat in men decreases plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation during endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 286:E354-62 ******** Peace..~G __________________ I am Thee Alpha.. RaSP is Thee oMEGA.. Between the 2 of us - We have everythyng covered... I want to be bigger than all the humans!! "I'm sure I should be doing cardio too....but I don't run from anything...so why practice?" - 1stInDoor Goal - 200#'s 5/27/07 - 4/27/07 - 175# 3/27/07 - 167#

11-04-2005, 06:39 AM	#6
Jackadise New Member Join Date: Nov 2005 Location: Newark, DE Posts: 22 Recipes: 0 Rep Power: 0	well if intramuscular fat is burned up it has to be replaced by something... maybe subcu fat?